虚构与叙事——创意写作方法论问题

"创意写作"(Creative Writing)是以文字创作为形式、以作品为载体的创造性活动,它是文化创意产业链最重要、最基础的工作环节。创意写作学科是研究创意写作本身的活动规律、创意写作教育教学规律、创意产业管理和运作规律的学科,是为"创意写作"提供基础理论支持的科学。目前创意写作学科建设在中国还处于起步阶段,该学科的建设对国家文化创新力的提升,对文化创意产业的发展升级具有关键性作用。中国高校应该进行教育教学改革,通过创意写作学科的创建提升高校人文创造力及文化创新人才培养力。与传统写作学重点研究"作文学"不同,创意写作学着重研究"创意"心理及其写作规律,创意写作学科需要对文学创作、生产类创意文本写作、工具类功能文本写作等进行系统区分,对虚构类文本和非虚构类文本创作进行分类研究,分别探讨其内部规律;同时,创意写作学还是一门实践性非常强的学科,需要研究"创意写作"课程的组织形式(如工坊制教学)及其教育教学规律,借鉴美国等先发国家的先进经验。

Creative Writing is a kind of creative activities which is in the form of literal composition and in the carrier of works.It is the most important and fundamental part of culture and creative industry chain.The discipline of creative writing is a discipline which studies the rules of creative writing itself,the education and teaching about it and the management and operation in creative industry.In the meantime,it is a science which provides the basic theory research for creative writing.At present,the construction of this discipline in China is still in the initial stage.The establishment of it plays a key rule in the improvement of national cultural innovation and the upgrade of culture and creative industry.Chinese colleges should carry out the reform of education and teaching,through setting up creative writing discipline to enhance their human innovation and improve training capacity for cultural innovation personnel.Different from the traditional writing,creative writing does not focus on composition but on psychology of creativity and its writing rules.Creative writing discipline needs to systematically distinguish the differences between the literary composition,writing of productive creative text and writing of instrumental text etc.,to research the creation of fiction text and non-fiction one classifiably,and to investigate into its internal laws respectively.At the same time,practicality of creative writing is very high.It needs to look into the organization of creative writing courses just like workshop teaching and to study its educational and teaching rules;moreover,it also needs to draw on the advanced experience of developed countries such as the United States.