湖北省水稻生长季热量资源变化特征及其对水稻生产的影响

Changing characteristics of heat resources of rice growing seasons in Hubei Province and its impacts on rice production

为了研究近50a来湖北省热量资源的变化特征及其对水稻生产的影响,利用湖北省1961-2008年水稻产区的气象资料,计算了水稻生长季主要热量资源要素包括农业界限温度持续时间和积温、气温日较差等的变化趋势,并分析了其变化对水稻生产的影响。结果表明:稳定通过8、10、12℃初日提前、稳定通过20、22℃终日推迟、间隔期延长,积温增加,水稻适宜种植期延长;10℃初日至20℃(22℃)终日持续日数在大部双季稻种植区都有不同程度的延长,积温也有不同程度的增加。大部分地区水稻生长季气温日较差和早稻、中稻、晚稻灌浆期日较差呈减少趋势,西部减少趋势小于东部。可将早熟品种换种生育期相对较长、产量相对较高的中熟、迟熟品种,以提高水稻单产;双季稻种植范围可以适当向北部水源充足、灌溉条件较好的地区推移,以提高水稻总产。

Based on the meteorological data of Hubei Province dated from 1961 to 2008,the changing trends of primary heat resource elements of rice including the beginning and terminal day of ambit temperature,the interval days and accumulated temperatures between them,the daily temperature discrepancy during rice growing seasons were analyzed in detail and its impacts on rice production were also discussed.The results showed that the beginning day with daily temperature above 8 ℃,10 ℃ and 12 ℃ stably was advanced and the terminal day of 20 ℃ and 22 ℃ was delayed.The interval between them was extended and the accumulated temperatures were increased.The interval days and accumulated temperatures from the beginning day of 10 ℃ to the terminal day of 20 ℃ and 22 ℃ were extended and increased in most areas of Hubei Province.It indicated that the suitable stage of rice planting was extended.The daily temperature discrepancy during rice growing season and rice grain-filling stages was decreased,and the decreasing trend of eastern Hubei Province was more remarkable than that of western Hubei Province.Based on the analysis above,measures can be taken to improve unit rice yield by changing early maturing rice with medium or late maturing rice having long growth period and high yield.The area of double-crop rice cultivation can be extended to northern Hubei Province with abundant water and good irrigation,which will effectively increase the total rice production of Hubei Province.