帕累托改进原则能否应用于社会改革——实践的可行性和内在的保守性

Can Pareto-Efficiency Principle Be Applied on Social Reform——Practical Feasibility and Interior Conservatism

现代主流经济学往往以帕累托效率原则来对制度安排进行评估和设计,但实际上,将帕累托优化作为制度改革的原则会遇到严重的问题。一方面,它的条件太强了会存在实践的可行性问题,因为不同帕累托改进取向及其带来的路径依赖等都会造成个体间的冲突,从而导致制度改革的滞后和停断;另一方面,它的条件太弱了会存在实践的保守性问题,因为帕累托改进只要求没有任何人遭受损失而没有考察收益的分配比例状况,从而在基于力量博弈的均衡理论指导下往往成为替既得利益者辩护的工具。现代主流经济学之所以崇尚帕累托改进原则,主要在于它是与自由交换信条相一致的,可以为个体主义方法论和市场竞争主义政策主张辩护。因此,从根本上说,帕累托效率是以原子个人主义的意识形态为前提的,但现代主流经济学又试图把它宣传成一种没有意识形态的纯技术性概念,从而凸显出"言"与"行"之间的不一致性。

Modern mainstream economics values and designs social institution by Pareto-efficiency principle, however, it will gives rise to some serious problems. Firstly, the condition is so strong as to make reformation of unfeasibility. The different direction of reform based on Pareto-efficiency principle and its path-dependance effects often brings about the conflict of interest, which will stop the course of reformation, secondly, the condition is so week as to make reformation of intensive conservatism. Pareto-efficiency principle only stresses that nobody is lost but does not care for the assignment proportion of income, which will mostly meets the requirement of the vested interest under the guidance of equilibrium theory based on strength gambling. The main reason why modern mainstream economics advocates Pareto-efficiency principle is that it is consistent with its belief of free-exchange and it can defend for individualism methodology and market competitive policy. On essence, Pareto-efficiency principle is based on the ideology of atomic individualism, whereas modern mainstream economics tries to disguise it a pure technical concept without ideology; which just shows the inconsistency between the ＂say＂ and ＂behavior＂ of modern mainstream economics.