化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导小麦雄性不育的效果及F_1代杂种优势表现

Research of Effect on Male Sterility Induced by Chemical Hybridizing Agent SQ-1 and F_1 Heterosis

为配制筛选山西省晋南麦区化杀杂种小麦强优势组合,选用20个小麦品种（系）,分为A、B两组,A组为山西省晋南麦区大面积推广品种10个,B组为自育且含异种属血统的品系10个,用化学杂交剂SQ-1进行化杀。结果表明,在参试品种（系）生育时期处于Feeks 8.0~9.0时,喷施5.0 kg/hm2的SQ-1,诱导小麦雄性不育率达到98.76%以上;A组人工饱和授粉结实率和自然授粉结实率分别平均为70.87%和41.68%,B组分别为72.10%和57.31%,各材料间无显著差异,说明化学杂交剂SQ-1与参试小麦品种基因型间不存在互作效应。t检验结果表明,B组小区产量、穗粒数和公顷穗数的杂种优势与A组差异显著,杂种优势明显高于A组。评选出4个强优势组合,均含有异种属血统,其超标优势幅度达17.56%~43.13%,说明在利用化杀法时,选用较远缘的中间材料做化杀杂交亲本来提高杂种优势幅度是一条切实可行的途径。

In order to select the hybrid wheat combinations with strong heterosis,the chemical hybridizing agent SQ-1 was used to male-gametocide of 20 wheat cultivars（lines） divided into A and B groups,in which A group including 10 varieties extended southern region in Shanxi,and B group containing 10 lines involving distant genetic composition of wheat.The result showed that the wheat male sterility percentage induced was more than 98.76%,and the mean seed setting rate of saturated artificial pollination was 70.87% and 72.10% and of natural pollination was 41.68% and 57.31%,respectively in A and B group,when the dosage sprayed was 5.0 kg/hm2 of SQ-1 during Feeks 8.0～9.0 of the growth period of tested varieties（lines）.The result of variance analysis showed that there is not significant differences among different genotypes,indicating no interaction effects between SQ-1 and genotypes.The heterosis involving plot yield,kernels per spike,and spikes per hectare of B group was significant different with that of A group by t-test,and more than that of A group distinctly.Four combinations with strong heterosis were selected with the heterosis over standard ranged from 17.56% to 43.13%,which involving distant genetic composition of wheat.The analysis result indicated that it is a feasible way to increase heterosis by using distant genetic intermediate materials as parents of hybrid wheat.