陕西小麦籽粒硬度及其基因型分析

Distribution of Grain Hardness in Shaanxi Wheats and Puroindoline Genotypes of Hard Wheats

籽粒硬度与小麦市场分级定价、磨粉品质和食品加工品质密切相关。为给小麦品种选育和品种推广提供参考依据,用单籽粒谷物硬度测试仪测定了169份陕西小麦品种(系)的籽粒硬度,并利用分子标记检测和基因序列分析确定了硬质麦的基因组成。硬度测定结果表明,陕西参试小麦品种(系)存在硬质麦、混合麦和软质麦3种类型,分别为121、11和37份,依次占71.6%、6.5%和21.9%。陕西不同地区3种籽粒硬度类型所占比例明显不同。基因型分析结果表明,陕西硬质麦存在4种基因型,即Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1d和Pinb-D1p,分别有14、97、2和8份材料,占硬质麦比例依次为11.6%、80.2%、1.6%和6.6%。总体而言,陕西小麦以硬质麦为主,硬质麦主要由Pinb-D1b基因型组成。

Kernel hardness is highly correlated with the marketing classification and processing quality of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）.It is very important to analyze the distribution of grain hardness and composition of their puroindoline genotypes in Shaanxi wheats for wheat breeding and extension in Shaanxi province.Based on the kernel hardness of 169 Shaanxi wheat cultivars and advanced lines using a Single Kernel Characterization System（SKCS） in this study,molecular markers and gene sequencing were used to understand puroindoline genotypes of hard wheats identified by SKCS.The results using the SKCS method showed that the cultivars and advanced lines examined were classified as soft（21.9%）,mixed（6.5%） and hard（71.6%） types.There were distinct differences in the frequencies of soft,mixed and hard types among three diverse regions of Shaanxi.The results using molecular markers and gene sequencing in 121 hard wheats indicated that,four mutation types were observed.Genotypes Pina-D1b,Pinb-D1b,Pinb-D1d and Pinb-D1p were fund in 14,97,2 and 8 materials,respectively.The percentages of genotypes Pina-D1b,Pinb-D1b,Pinb-D1d and Pinb-D1p were 11.6%,80.2%,1.6% and 6.6% in hard wheats,respectively.Those showed that hard wheats are the most popular type in Shaanxi wheats.Four mutation types were present in Shaanxi hard wheats,and the Pinb-D1b was the most popular genotype.