竖井钻机用楔齿滚刀失效探讨

Discussion on Failure of Tooth Cutters Applied to Mine Shaft Full Face Drilling Machine

针对目前竖井钻机用楔齿滚刀使用寿命短、成本高等问题,分析了楔齿滚刀常见的刀齿、刀壳、轴承和密封等失效形式及其形成的原因。并从轴承结构、密封结构、边刀刀壳背锥结构、刀壳铸造工艺和滚刀装配工艺等方面提出了改进技术措施,使压差补偿活塞运动到底部的时间从306h提高到了517 h,刀齿和刀壳外圈的硬度从HRC37～41提高到HRC50～56,提高了滚刀的密封效果和耐磨性。避免滚刀发生突发性的早期失效,从而延长滚刀的使用寿命,缩短钻井时间,提高钻进效率,降低钻井成本。

According to the short service life,high cost and other problems of the toothed cutter applied to the present mine shaft Full Face drilling Machine,the paper analyzed the conventional failure formations and the failure causes of the tooth,shell,bearing,seal and others applied to the tooth cutter.From the bearing structure,seal structure,cutter shell base structure of the cutters around the drilling head,cutter shell casting technique and cutter assembling technique,the technical improvement measures were provided.Thus the moving time from the pressure differential compensation piston to the bottom was improved from 306 h to 517 h.The hardness of the cutter tooth and cutter shell housing was improved from the HRC37~41 to HRC50~56.The sealing effect and abradability of the cutter was improved.The sudden early failure of the cutter could be eliminated.Therefore,the service life of cutter could be expanded,the drilling time could be reduced,the drilling efficiency could be improved and the drilling cost could be reduced.