注意缺陷多动障碍儿童父母养育方式与自我意识特征研究

Study on parental rearing pattern and self-concepts in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的父母养育方式和自我意识特征,以便更好地促进患儿身心健康发展。【方法】采用父母养育方式和儿童自我意识量表对ADHD儿童和正常儿童分别进行评估。【结果】ADHD儿童的父母在理解及温暖的情感养育儿童方面得分明显低于正常组(P<0.05),ADHD儿童父亲更多拒绝和否定患儿,母亲则更多严厉惩罚患儿(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。而在偏爱、过度保护、干涉方面两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ADHD患儿行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性、合群、幸福满足及总分低于对照组,焦虑分高于对照组。患儿的自我意识水平与父母养育方式中的多个因子相关。【结论】ADHD儿童的父母不能理解患儿,不能以温暖的情感养育患儿,更多的采用拒绝和否定,严厉惩罚儿童,同时ADHD患儿的自我意识发展不良,自我评价低。患儿的自我意识低下与父母养育方式不当相关。

【Objective】 To access parental rearing pattern and self-concepts in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） 【Method】 Parental rearing pattern and self-concepts scale were measured in 41 children with ADHD（experimental group） and 40 healthy children（control group）. 【Results】 Compared with control group,parental emotional warmth and understanding in experimental group were significantly reduced（P〈0.05）.While maternal punishment and sternness and paternal rejection and denial in experimental group were significantly enlarged（P〈0.05）.The experimental group were remarkably lower than control group in behavior,intelligence and school,physical appearance,sociability,happiness and satisfaction（P〈0.01）.The levels of self-concepts were correlated with some factors of parental rearing patterns. 【Conclusions】 Children with ADHD are influenced by inferior parental rearing patterns and get lower score in self-concept scale.