深圳市南山区居民饮水习惯调查

The survey on drinking water habits among residents in Nanshan District,Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市居民饮水习惯。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，由经过专业培训的调查者对调查对象进行一对一的问卷调查，问卷经核实后输入计算机。结果401名人选居民，平均年龄为（39．6±10．8）岁，男女约各占一半，汉族为主，文化程度以大专为主，家庭收入在5000～9999元／月之间居多。调查结果表明，男性饮水摄人总量、饮茶量多于女性，豆浆及乳类摄入量少于女性，白开水、豆浆及乳类摄人人数少于女性；不同年龄段居民瓶装水、桶装水、饮料、饮茶、豆浆及乳类摄入量差异有统计学意义，瓶装水、桶装水、饮料、咖啡摄人人数差异有统计学意义；不同文化程度居民白开水、瓶装水、饮茶、豆浆及乳类、咖啡摄入量差异有统计学意义，饮茶、咖啡、豆浆及乳类摄入人数差异有统计学意义；不同家庭收入居民饮水摄人总量、饮茶、豆浆及乳类、咖啡摄入量差异有统计学意义，白开水、桶装水摄人人数差异有统计学意义；吸烟者饮水摄入总量，饮料摄入量多于非吸烟者，饮茶摄入量少于非吸烟者，吸烟者饮茶人数少于不吸烟者；饮酒者饮料摄入量多于不饮酒者，饮料、豆浆及乳类饮用人数多于不饮酒者；不同体质指数居民饮料、豆浆及乳类、咖啡摄人量差异有统计学意义，咖啡摄人人数差异有统计学意义；身处空调环境者豆浆及乳类摄人量多于未身处空凋环境者；不同出汗情况居民白开水、瓶装水、饮料、豆浆及乳类、咖啡摄入量差异有统计学意义；不同排便类型居民瓶装水、饮料、饮茶、豆浆及乳类摄入量差异有统计学意义；不同排尿习惯居民饮茶、豆浆及乳类摄入量差异有统计学意义，白开水饮用人数间差异有统计学意义。大部分调查对象都知道每天饮水量要至少达到参考标准1200ml，并且能正确说出与缺水相关的临床表现。结论深圳市南山区居民的饮水量已经超过我国规定的l200ml，大多数人没有与饮水相关的症状，并且饮水相关知识比较丰富。

Objective To understand the habits of drinking water among residuals in Shenzhen City. Methods Multi,stage random sampling method was performed. The questionnaires on the residents were conducted by trained investigators face to face and data were input after verified correctly. Results Among 401 subjects, the average age was 39.6 ＋ 10.8. The subjects were evenly divided between men and women by age groups. Most subjects were Han nationality with college education and 5 000～9 999 yuan/month. The findings showed that there were significant differences in intake of total drinking water by sex, family income and smoke; boiled water by education and sweating condition; bot- tled water by age, education, sweating condition and bowel evacuation style; barreled water by age; beverages by age, smoke, drink, BMI, sweating condition and bowel evacuation style; tea by age, sex, education, income, smoke, bowel evacuation style and urination habit; milk and dairy by age, sex, education, income, BMI, living in an air-condition environment, sweating condition, bowel evacuation style and urination habit; caffi by education, income, BMI, sweating condition. There were significant differences in people number in bottled water by age; barreled water by age and family income; beverages by age and drink; tea by education and smoke; milk and dairy by sex, education and drink; eafe by age and education; residents with standard BMI like drinking coffee; residents with regular urination habit had more drinking water intake and frequent boiled water intake. Most knew the daily water intake of at least reference 1 200 ml and understcod the potential clinical manifestations associated with water deficiency. Conclusions The amount of drinking water intake was more than required 1 200 rnl among residents in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City. Most people did not have drinking water-related symptoms and had rich drinking water-related knowledge.