福建主要蔬菜氮磷钾营养特性及其施肥指标体系研究 Ⅲ.氮磷钾最佳用量和比例

Nutritive Characters and Fertilization Index of Nitrogen,Phosphor,Potassium for Major Vegetable Species in Fujian Ⅲ.The Optimal Amount and the Ratio of N,P and K for Application

进行"3414"田间试验,建立蔬菜氮磷钾二次多项式肥效模型,研究三要素最佳用量和比例。结果表明,经济施肥量平均分别为,叶菜类蔬菜N(231±63)kg.hm-2、P2O5(77±30)kg.hm-2和K2O(190±48)kg.hm-2,根茎类蔬菜N(183±37)kg.hm-2、P2O5(130±40)kg.hm-2和K2O(226±43)kg.hm-2,瓜果类蔬菜N(221±63)kg.hm-2、P2O5(107±41)kg.hm-2和K2O(217±121)kg.hm-2,葱类蔬菜N(261±36)kg.hm-2、P2O5(83±59)kg.hm-2和K2O(243±192)kg.hm-2,不同作物由于产量水平和营养特性不同,氮磷钾经济施肥量有明显差异,需根据具体蔬菜作物确定最佳施用量;根茎类和瓜果类的三要素最佳比例中磷钾肥比例明显高于叶菜类;菜田土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的测定值与蔬菜氮磷钾推荐施肥量之间满足指数函数关系,从而实现了根据土测值预测推荐施肥量的微观指导功能。

With ＂3414＂ fertilizer experiment,the models of NPK fertilization for vegetables were established with quadratic polynomial in the optimal amount and the ratio of three elements.The results showed that the economic level of fertilizations were different in average for various kind of vegetables,such as： N（237±113）kg·hm-2,P2O5（150±69）kg·hm-2,K2O（289±104）kg·hm-2 for leaf vegetables;N（237±113）kg·hm-2,P2O5（150±69）kg·hm-2,K2O（289±104）kg·hm-2 for tuberous root;N（221±63）kg·hm-2,P2O5（107±41）kg·hm-2,K2O（217±121）kg·hm-2 for melon and fruit;and N（261±36）kg·hm-2,P2O5（83±59）kg·hm-2,K2O（243±192）kg·hm-2 for onions,respectively.The differences in yield and nutritive characteristics of varieties resulted significant changes in amount of NPK fertilization.Among the optimal ratio,P2O5 and K2O was obviously higher in onions,melons and fruits than in leaf vegetables.The content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,Olsen-P and available K in tested soil fitted in well with the NPK of recommended fertilization in exponential function relationship.It indicated that the established models are capable in prediction for the fertilization in virtual.