运动相关颅脑创伤流行病学调查

Epidemiological Characteristics of Sports-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

目的:研究我国华东地区运动相关颅脑创伤的流行病学特征,了解运动相关颅脑创伤的伤情特点,为预防与治疗提供科学依据。方法:从"2004年华东六省一市颅脑创伤住院患者"数据库中整群抽取运动伤患者,用SPSS 13.0统计软件包分析。结果:689例运动相关颅脑创伤患者中男女之比为5.06:1。平均年龄(21.49±7.98)岁。21～30岁年龄组所占比例最大,为45.0%。颅脑创伤多发生于足球、拳击等对抗性运动,其中足球所占比例最大,为16.0%。689例患者大多数为轻型颅脑创伤(GCS13分～15分),占81.6%。脑震荡是最常见的损伤类型,占299例。患者最常见合并有颌面部损伤。所有住院病人中无死亡病例,植物生存占5.2%,重度残疾占3.9%,中度残疾占10.9%,恢复良好占80.0%。spearman等级相关分析显示,患者的出院GOS评分与入院GCS评分和运动类型显著相关(P<0.001);而年龄与GOS无显著相关性。结论在我国华东地区,运动相关颅脑创伤高发于参与对抗性运动的中青年男性,脑震荡是最常见的损伤类型,患者多伴有颌面部损伤。我国相关机构应针对运动相关颅脑创伤的发病特点,制定有针对性的预防措施,以降低其发生率。

Objective：To investigate and grasp the epidemiological characteristics of sports-induced traumatic brain injury （TBI） in Eastern China and provide scientific basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods Sports-induced TBI subjects were collected from the database of ＂Investigation of Hospitalized Patients with Traumatic Brainy Injury in Eastern China in 2004＂ and all the data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 software. Results The male/female ratio in all the 689 cases is 5.06：1. The average age of the subjects is 21.49 ± 7.98. Subjects aged 21 to 30 account for the largest proportion （45.0%）. TBI is commonly observed in oppositional sports, such as football and boxing. And football accounts for the largest proportion （16.0%）. Most of the 689 cases are mild traumatic brain injury （GCS13-15）, accounting for 81. 6%. Concussion is the most common type of injury（299 cases） and the subjects are commonly associated with maxillofacial injury. There is no death case in all the hospitalized patients. Vegetative survival accounts for 5.2%, severe disability accounts for 3.9%, moderate disability accounts for 10.9% and good recovery accounts for 80.0%. Spearman rank correlation analysis shows that admission glasgow coma scale（GCS） and the type of sport are significantly correlated to glasgow outcome scale（GOS） score at discharge （P 〈0.001）; while age has no significant correlation to GOS. Conclusion In Eastern China, sports-induced traumatic brain injury is often observed in young people. Concussion is the most common type of injury and patients are mostly associated with maxillofacial injuries. According to the characteristics of sports-induced traumatic brain injury, effective prevention measures should be taken so as to reduce the incidence rate.