不同水平篮球运动员跳投核心区肌电与足底压力的比较

Comparison between the Core Area IEMG and Insole Pressure of the Different-Level Basketball Players in Jump Shot

以辽宁青年男篮和沈阳体育学院男篮为研究对象,采用8通道ME6000型肌电测量仪、Footscan insole足底压力测量仪,对不同水平运动员跳投时核心区肌肉的IEMG、肌肉做功负荷百分比、肌肉的激活顺序以及足底压力参数进行对比分析,研究结果显示:IEGM随着运动员水平的升高而降低,这是长期运动训练使机能节省化的表现。省队运动员肌肉的做功/负荷百分比具有一定的均衡性,是注重核心区肌肉训练的结果。不同水平运动员跳投时肌肉激活顺序不同,运动水平越高的运动员其神经调节肌肉运动的模式越成熟,核心区肌肉可以将下肢蹬地、伸髋的力量有效的传递到上肢。省队的足底压力波形是一个光滑的波峰曲线,说明省队控制身体稳定性的能力比院队运动员的能力强。不同水平运动员垂直方向受力值与体重值的比值具有显著性差异,说明核心区良好的肌肉力量可以使中枢神经系统得到良好的适应,提高对肌肉的控制能力。因此,教练员在训练中应重视核心区肌肉的力量训练,以此来加强跳投时身体各部位的协调用力,增加腾空的稳定性,以此提高投篮的命中率。

Taking the basketball players of Liaoning Junior Men＇s Basketball Team and Shenyang Physical Education Institute as the sybjects and using the instruments of ME6000 IEMG Meter and Footscan Insole Pressure Meter, the authors made an analysis of the IEMG of the core area muscles of the different-level players in jump shot, percentage of the muscle power load, muscle activation order and insole pressure parameters. The result shows that IEMG reduces as the level of player improves. This is function saving due to long-term training. Stability of the muscle power load Of the provincial team players are observed. This is the result of paying attention to core area muscle training. Muscle activation order of the different-level players is different. Higher the level of the player is, more mature is the mode of his nerve adjusting muscle movements. Core area muscles may pass the power of hip extension and tread of the lower extremities to the upper extremeties. The insole pressure wave form of the provincial team players is a smooth crest curve, which shows that the provincial team players possess better ability of contolling body balance than that of the institute team players. Significant difference of the ratio of vertical force value and weight value exists and this means that good core area muscle strength may make central nervous system adaptable so as to improve its muscle control ability. Therefore, coaches should pay attention to the strength training of core area muscles so as to improve the coordinated force of the different parts of the body in jump shot, enhance the stability in jump-up and improve shot percentage.