传承与异质:中国大陆与台湾通俗文学观辨析

Continuity versus Heterogeneity: The Difference between China's Mainland and Taiwan on Concept of Popular Literature

中国大陆与台湾在传承中国古典通俗文学观中的"使俗通"与"通于俗"两个层面上显示出了不同的走向。大陆现代文学的"俗化"从一开始就承担了雅文学批判、启蒙的任务,表面倡导"通俗",实则具有"雅化"倾向。在"使俗通"的创作精神下,文学家们用文学来阐发其启蒙思想,始终有些居高临下的"化大众"姿态;与大陆不同的是,台湾通俗文学从发轫起,在创作理念层面就少了"政教"、"启蒙"色彩,更倾向古代通俗文学观中"通于俗"的层面。它不单包括语言和体式,也包括思想和题旨,专注表现平常百姓的物质欲望与世俗情感,因此其文学具有更多的通俗文学的根本特性。重新考察通俗文学观中的"俗化"与"化俗"的关系与演变,不仅有助于我们更加清晰地辨识和理解通俗文学的复杂内涵及其对中国现代文学的特殊意义,无疑也会为大众消费语境下的当代文学的发展提供有益的历史经验。

There is a difference between Chinese mainland and Taiwan on the concept of popular literature-the difference between ＂making literature popular＂ and ＂writing about the popular＂.The ＂secularization＂ of mainland modern literature assumed from the very beginning the elegant tasks of literary criticism and intellectual enlightenment.Under the surface of ＂popularization＂ there has always been a tendency to ＂refinement＂.Writers use literature to elucidate their enlightenment ideas,holding some condescending attitude toward the public.Taiwan＇s modern literature,however,has been less political and less enlightening,and it tended to draw inspiration from popular themes and use materials from the ordinary life of people and their secular desires and aspirations,thus fundamentally being more popular and secular.A re-examination of this difference will not only shed light on the identify and complexity of modern Chinese popular literature,but will also benefit the development of Chinese literature in the context of mass consumption today.