中国古代的降书

On the Surrender Letter of Ancient China

降书是中国古代降礼的重要组成部分。先秦时期没有降书,直接使用投降礼仪。汉人重礼,认为用文书投降是诈降。三国时期蜀吴降书流布天下,后逐步取代投降礼仪成为投降的主要形式。降书的出现和使用体现了中国古代从重礼到重言观念的转变,降书是降礼在语言和文化层面的体现。

Surrender letter is the most important part of the s ur render ceremonies.There was no surrender letter in pre-Qin,and people of Han D ynasty considered that surrender letter was feigned surrender,because they valu ed ceremonies more than language.In the period of Three Kingdoms,surrender lett er used by the failures firstly,and spread all the world.In the later history, surrender letter became the most form of surrender.The failures did not do surre nder ceremonies to the commander-in-chief in front line,but the emperor accep ted surrender in the capital.There was an important transformation of surrender letter reflected that ceremony valued changed to language valued,Chinese langua ge and culture had expressed on the surrender letter.