历史发展的多级关系和历史直接动因的多样性

A Survey on the Multistage Relations and Diversified Direct Agents in the Development of History

人类历史的发展是一种全面的多级的发展,由于人类历史发展的这种多级关系并未引起广泛的关注,人们在探究思想解放和政治解放之间的关系等类似的问题时常常存在着是唯物主义还是唯心主义的哲学纷争。从实践唯物主义思维视角来看这种哲学纷争,根本分歧在于对历史动力的不同理解。在实践唯物主义看来,历史是"完整的人"的历史,历史因而表现为全面的历史,即不仅表现为人的实践活动史,同时也表现为思想史,人类历史发展固有的多级发展也表现为全面的多级发展,而且是不同历史因素相互交织的多级发展。站在全部人类历史的高度看,人类历史发展是由物质生产推动的,而站在部分人类历史发展的高度或从有限的逻辑推演看,人类历史发展的直接动因具有多样性。因此,现有的精神生产不仅直接作用于新一轮精神生产,而且对人类新一轮的物质生产、社会交往以及阶级斗争具有直接决定性。

The development of human history is that of a multistage development.Resulted from the failure to recognize such features,there have been many philosophical disputes in the relations between ideological and political emancipations as whether it is idealism or materialism.From the perspective of practical materialism,the essential difference lies in the different interpretations of the agents in history development.In the vision of Marxism,history is a history of ＂the integrity person＂ with a comprehensive nature.Human history is both theoretical and pragmatic,and it is not only a comprehensive multistage development,but also the one with interwoven different historical factors.Taking into consideration all human history,its development is undoubtedly promoted by the physical production,but from the partial human history development or from the limited logic,its development has diversified direct agent.Therefore,the present intellectual production not only has the direct decisiveness on that of the new round,but on the new round of physical production,the social interaction and the class struggle.