孙中山《临时约法》之我见

My Opinion on Sun Yat-sen’s Provisional Constitution

孙中山在卸任临时政府大总统的时候，为了达到限制、束缚、架空新总统袁世凯的目的，非常仓促地制定和出台了《临时约法》。《临时约法》虽然在一定程度上体现了当时资产阶级民主主义的要求，但是，它的制定本身就是违背临时政府《组织大纲》的，因而是不合法的；同时，《临时约法》以责任内阁制取代总统制，在政权的组织形式上与孙中山过去所宣传的以及在南京建立的临时政府的组织形式有太大的差别。孙中山将一个自己并不主张也不打算贯彻执行的“宪法”强加给袁世凯，不仅未能达到限制袁世凯的目的，《临时约法》还成为民初诸多冲突的根源。

Sun Yat-san very hurriedly made and published the Provisional Constitution when he was relieved of his office as the provisional president because he wanted to achieve such goals as to restrain, constrain and unfeasibly render Yuan Shih-kai. Though the Provisional Constitution, to a certain degree, reflected the demands of the Bourgeois democracy, its establishment itself violated the provisional government＇s memorandum of association. So it was illegal. Meanwhile, the Provisional Constitution used cabinet system to take the place of the president system whose organizational form was quite different from the former propaganda and the constitutional form of the previsional government established in Nanjing. Sun Yat-sen imposed the constitution on Ynan Shih-kai which Sun himself didn＇t want to propose and carry out, so it not only didn＇t achieve the goals but also became so many root contradiction in the early ages of the Republic of China.