叙述者身份影响叙事效果的实验与调查报告

The Experiment and Survey of the Influence of Narrator's Identity on Narrative Effect

本研究采用"头脑风暴"的方式,请受试根据一个小故事原型设计不同身份的叙述者讲述故事,再请对象从真实感、动情感、深意感、新奇有趣感等方面为这些故事打分,同时调查对象重视的叙事效果和喜爱的题材。分析数据后发现:高于常人的叙述者与较强的深意感、动情感和新奇有趣感相联系,与较差的真实感相联系;与常人大致相同的叙述者最具有真实感,动情性较好但深意感和新奇有趣感较差;低于常人的叙述者则能够带来较好的新奇有趣感,但真实感、动情性则非常普通,深意感则很差。虽然灵异类叙述者具有多方面的优势,但读者最重视的叙事效果为真实感,所以现实中常见的叙事方式仍为全知叙事。

The survey asked subjects to tell a story designing narrators of different identities and then rated stories according to authenticity, affective arousal, inwardness and novelty, and investigated their preference of narrative effects and subject matters. The analyzed data show that the narrators above the average have stronger relevance in inwardness, affective arousal and novelty, whereas weaker in authenticity; the narrators near the average have the strongest relevance in authenticity, stronger in affective arousal whereas weaker in inwardness and novelty; the narrators below the average have stronger relevance in novelty whereas lev- el in authenticity and the weakest in inwardness. Although the narrators of psychic type have many advantages, readers prefer authenticity in narrative effect, so the most common narrative method is still omniscience narrative.