浙江省庆元县历史鼠疫疫源地现况调查研究

Cross sectional survey in historical epidemic focus of plague in Qingyuan,Zhejiang province

目的对浙江省庆元县鼠疫历史疫区疫源地进行流行病学基础性研究,为有效地预防控制鼠疫提供参考依据。方法采用现场调查鼠疫标志性动物鼠类和媒介蚤类的组成与分布情况;应用病原学、血清学与气候地理环境等进行流行病学研究分析。结果室内优势鼠种为褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和小家鼠,密度分别为2.57%、1.54%和0.07%,室外优势鼠种为黄毛鼠、黑线姬鼠和东方田鼠,密度分别为4.67%、0.74%和0.62%;媒介主要为印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤与不等单蚤,所占比例分别为40.33%、28.85%和25.57%,染蚤率为9.82%,蚤指数为0.28;鼠疫病原学和血清学检测均为阴性。结论庆元县鼠疫历史疫区内气候与地理环境等,适宜致病动物鼠类与媒介蚤类生长繁殖。目前处于鼠疫流行静息期。但是,主要宿主动物黄胸鼠密度和主要媒介印鼠客蚤的指数较高,鼠疫自然疫源地有多元性变化,新的生物群链似有建立倾向,鼠疫疫源地复燃的危险性依然存在。要引起足够的重视,更要加强深入调查研究。

Objective To conduct basic epidemiological survey in historical epidemic focus of plague in Qingyuan county and provide evidence for the effective prevention and control of plague.Methods Field survey was conducted on the distribution and density/proportion of host animals and vectors of plague（rat and flea）,the etiological analysis and serological analysis were conducted and climate and environment factors were analyzed.Results The predominant indoor rat species were Rattus norvegicus,Rattus flavipectus and Mus musculus,their densities were 2.57%,1.54% and 0.07%,respectively.The predominant outdoor rat species were Rattus losea,Apodemus agrarius and Microtus fortis,their densities were 4.67%,0.74% and 0.62% respectively.The main vectors were Asiatic ratflea（40.33%）,Leptopsylla musculi（28.85%） and Ceratophyllus anisus（25.57%）.The infection rate in flea was 9.82% and flea index was 0.28.The etiological and serological detections for plague pathogen were all negative.Conclusion The climate and environment in Qingyuan suits the breeding of plague host animals and vectors.Although it is silent period of plague,the density of major host animal-Rattus flavipectus and the index of major vector-Asiatic rat flea were high,multi changes in natural focus of plague have been observed and new bio-transmission chain might be established,the natural focus of plague might re-emerge.It is necessary to pay close attention and conduct further study on the possibility of re-merging of natural focus of plague.