“适应”还是“引领”:教育发展路径的不同选择

"Adaptation" or "Guiding":Different Choices for the Approaches to Education Development

沿着"人是什么"与"教育是什么"的路径追问下去,可以发现:"适应"与"引领"是对两种不同教育发展路径选择的结果。适应性教育以社会为中心,认为教育是适应社会的工具,利用确定性知识、灌输式教育、维持性学习、量化考核等方式可以达到维持社会秩序的目的。与此对应,引领式教育认为人是社会的中心,通过教育可以实现人的解放并引领社会的目的,不确定性知识、对话式教育、创新性学习、发展性评价是达成这种目的的主要方式。在"以人文本"的社会中,需要在兼顾"适应"的同时以"引领"为主,充分释放教育的积极力量,实现教育的使命。

By asking ＂What is man？＂ and ＂What is education？＂, the researcher will find that ＂adaptation＂ and＂guiding＂ are the results of choice for the two different approaches to education development. Adaptation education views that society is the center and education is just a tool of adapting to the society, achieving the aim of maintaining the social order by making use of definite knowledge, indoctrination, maintenance learning, and quantification assessment. Correspondingly, guiding education views that man is the center and education can liberate human beings and guide the development of society. Indefinite knowledge, dialogue-based education, innovative learning, and developmental assessment are the main ways to achieve the aim. In the ＂human-centered society＂, educators should give priority to ＂guiding＂ while also giving consideration to ＂adaptation＂, fully releasing the positive energy of education, so that the mission of education will be accomplished.