桂西南早熟荔枝实生资源调查

Study on Investigation of Early Mature Seedling Litchi Resources in Southwest Guangxi

为深入了解桂西南早熟荔枝实生资源状况,通过实地考察分布地区并对其植物学性状调查分析。结果表明桂西南早熟荔枝实生资源主要分布在广西崇左市的龙州县、大新县、天等县,百色市的靖西县、德保县、田东县、田阳县,河池市的大化县、都安县等地;该资源平均树龄平均69.6年,树体高大直立,叶形有椭圆形等5种,花序较长,果实形状有心形和椭圆形等8种,成熟期多在5月上中旬,早熟性状明显;叶、花和果实的形态类型多样,变异系数20.0%～29.0%的占34.4%,10.0%～19.0%的占46.9%,可见桂西南早熟荔枝实生资源的遗传多样性极其丰富。但是该资源没有得到有效的保护和利用,今后应提高群众的资源保护意识,开展实生选种,实现资源的有效利用。

In order to deeply understand the status of early mature seeding litchi resource of southwestern Guangxi,the authors conducted a field study and analyzed its botanical character.The results showed that it mainly distributed in Longzhou,Daxin and Tiandeng of Chongzuo,Jingxi,Debao,Tiandong and Tianyang of Baise,Dahua and Du ＇ an of Hechi,its average tree age was 69.6.The trees with tall and erect trunks,long inflorescence,oval leaves and hearted-shaped or oval fruit was significantly early matured in early or middle of May.Leaf,flower and fruit was multiplicity of morphological types,variation coefficient between 20.0% and 29.0% was 34.4%,between 10.0% and 19.0% was 46.9%.Early mature seedling litchi resource of southwestern Guangxi was abundant genetic diversity.However,its protection and utilization was not effective.So it should be enhance resource protection consciousness and study on the selection breeding to use it efficiently.