聚油古地貌成因类型及其有利成藏条件分析--以鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区前侏罗纪古地貌为例

Genetic Type of Oil-gas Accumulation Paleogeomorphology and Favorable Conditions for Petroleum Accumulation:Taking the paleogeomorphology of Pre-Jurassic in Shangliyuan area,Ordos Basin as an example

运用地层厚度印模法(延9+延10+富县组地层厚度)恢复出了陇东上里塬地区前侏罗纪古地貌形态,其形态为一级甘陕古河呈近东西向分布,二级庆西古河位于研究区南部向北注入甘陕古河,研究区的北部和南部分别发育姬塬和演武高地,在高地和河谷的过度带分别发育姬塬南斜坡和演武北斜坡,此外,在一级河谷中央还发育有河间丘,在斜坡上发育残丘、残梁次一级单元的古地貌。在此基础上,结合下侏罗统油藏分布特征和规律,提出了聚油古地貌概念,即在油气成藏过程中,能够有机的将油气成藏要素组合,进而使得形成有机的成藏配置条件,使之对油气成藏起着决定性作用的古地貌单元;划分出了研究区内对下侏罗统油藏成藏起主控作用的残梁、残丘、河间丘3种聚油古地貌类型,聚油古地貌主要存在河流袭夺、河流转型、分水岭侵蚀3种成因模式。研究表明,聚油古地貌使得研究区下侏罗统油藏形成了构造主导、岩性控制的构造+岩性的成藏模式,聚油古地貌对下侏罗统油藏成藏创造的有利成藏条件为:①具有刚性特征的聚油古地貌与上覆的延安组"软地层"所产生的差异压实小幅度背斜和穹窿构造;②聚油古地貌容易形成河道砂体分割和披盖砂帽,进而形成的孤立透镜状储层砂体。

Nowadays,we have a common consideration that the Pre-Jurassic palaeogeomorphology is the important basis which control the Yan9-Yan10’s reservoirs of the lower part of the Yan’an Group.Before,for the lower quality of seismic data and less wells’ data,we recovered the palaeogeomorphology from the aspects of terrain’s height,slopes and valleys,however,when the reservoirs were on the development stage,the aforementioned palaeogeomorphic characterization was too macro,especially,it was too simple and coarse for the palaeogeomorphic positive landscape,which resulted in a difficulty to master the distribution law of the Pre-Jurassic reservoirs,and restricted the Jurassic reservoirs’ exploration and development,thus,it was urgently to have a fine palaeogeomorphic characterization for the Pre-Jurassic. Under the conditions of the increasing exploration data and higher quality data,the requirements of finely characterization the Pre-Jurassic palaeogeomorphology has achieved.According to the formation marks of the Yan8,Yan9,Yan10 of the lower Jurassic and Fuxian group in Shangliyuan area,eastern Gansu Province,recognized and correlated the lower Jurassic and Fuxian Formations,based on the characteristics of the later Triassic structure movement and early Jurassic deposition environment,we used the stratum thickness impression method（Yan9 add Yan10 and add Fuxian formations’ thickness） to rebuild the pre-Jurassic palaeogeomorphology of Shangliyuan area,eastern Gansu Province.There were six landscape types： valleys,slopes,highlands,remnant ridges and remnant earthen mounds of the palaeogeomorphology,the specific configuration was the first degree Gan-Shan ancient river distributed from west to east,and the second Western Qing ancient river laid in south of the study area and flowed northwards into Gan-Shan ancient river,the Jiyuan and Yanwu high lands,respectively,located in the north and south of the study area,the Jiyuan south slope and Yanwu north slope developed in the transitional zone between the high lands and the valley,furthermore,there were inter-river mounds in the center of the first degree ancient valley and there were second landforms of remnant mounds and ridges in the slope. On the above basis,we put for ward an oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology conceptions,that was,the palaeogeomorphology could control and organically combine the reservoirs’ accumulation elements,and made it form an organic reservoirs’ deployment conditions,eventually,had a crucial affection on reservoirs’ accumulation.The results showed that three types’ reservoirs ＂remnant ridges,remnant earthen mounds and inter-river mounds＂ occupied 80% in all the Lower Jurassic reservoirs in Shangliyuan area,eastern Gansu Province,associated with the distribution characteristic and formed law of the Lower Jurassic reservoirs,we considered the remnant ridges,remnant earthen mounds and inter-river mounds were the main oil accumulation ancient landscapes.On the principle of ＂the present is the key to the past＂,we studied the characteristics of modern erosion landscapes and analyzed their genetic models,then divided the three main oil accumulation landscapes to three genetic models： river robber,river transformation and watershed erosion.The oil accumulation ancient landscapes made the reservoirs’ formed models were led by structure and controlled by lithology,and the advantageous reservoirs’ formed conditions of the oil accumulation ancient landscapes to the Lower Jurassic reservoirs was： ① differential compaction small amplitude anticline and cove structure came from rigid oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology with its upper Yan’an group ＂soft stratum＂;② the oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology easily to form river sandstone division and drape sandstone capes,then formed isolated lens reservoir sandstone. We applied the oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology conceptions to divide the oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology types of the Pre-Jurassic in Shangliyuan area,eastern Gansu Province,and discussed the their geneses and analyzed the favorable reservoirs’ formed conditions,the purpose was to suggest a theory foundation and technical support on the exploration and development for the Lower Jurassic reservoirs in Ordos basin,meanwhile,provided studying ideas and methods for palaeogeomorphology reservoirs,and enrichment and supplement to the research theory of these reservoirs’ types.