清代修志活动的“加法”与“减法”

The "Addition" and "Subtraction" in Qing Dynasty Local Records Compilation Activities

清代修志活动的"加法"与"减法",是指纂修者基于主观考虑而对方志类目和内容进行的筛选和取舍。"加法"表现为故意的夸张、粉饰或增量性的描述,"减法"则表现为有意贬抑、淡化甚至删除。造成如此"加"、"减"的原因大致有五个方面:方志本身具有的教化功能;纂修者的主观偏好、认知程度;不同派别的纂修思想;社会变迁对修志活动的客观要求;政治因素的干预。

The 'addition' and 'subtraction' in Qing Dynasty local records compilation activities refer to the selection, acceptance and rejection over local records categories and contents on the part of the compilers based on subjective considerations. 'Addition' shows up as intentional exaggeration, glossing over, or additive descriptions, while 'subtraction' shows up as intentional disparaging, diluting, or even deleting. Reasons that cause such 'addition' and 'subtraction' roughly include five aspects: the inherent educational function of local records; the subjective preference and perception level of compilers; the compilation thoughts of different schools; the objective requirements of social vicissitudes on local records compilation activities; and the interference of political factors.