索罗斯“反射性理论”和“理性经济人”——从马克思“现实的人”视角出发的哲学解读

George Soros's Reflex Theory and Irrational Economic Man——Philosophical Interpretations Based on Karl Marx's Real Man Hypothesis

索罗斯的"反射性理论"为突破西方主流经济学的困境提供了新的范式,颠覆了"理性经济人"假设,重新审视了经济理性在市场中的作用,更加重视真实复杂的人性中非理性因素在市场中的体现。本文运用马克思的"现实的人"观点对"理性经济"人及索罗斯范式中的"人"作出新的批判和评价:现实的人就是处在一定的社会关系中、从事社会实践活动的、具体的、历史的人,"理性经济人"是抽象的、孤立的人;索罗斯将人的不完备性、易错性、不确定性等加入了他的新的范式中,这种对人的认识,相对于西方主流经济学是一个进步,但是,它对人的抽象,仍然没有完整地把握人的规定性,特别是本质规定性。

George Soros＇s reflex theory offers a new paradigm to break the plight of the Western mainstream economics.The new theoretical paradigm subverts the ＂rational economic man＂hypothesis and re-examines the role of economic rationality in the market.It also pays more attention to the irrational factors embodiment of the real complexity human nature in market.Focuses have been put on the criticism and evaluation of the ＂rational economic＂ man and Soros＇s ＂human＂ from the perspective of Karl Marx＇s ＂real man＂.Real man is in the certain social relations,engaged in social practice activities,idiographic,and historical human.＂Rational economic man＂ is Abstract,isolated human.Soros＇s new paradigm pays close attention to the complex properties of human as imperfection,fallibility and uncertainty.This human cognition is a step forward relative to the Western mainstream economics.However,this cognition is still Abstract,and the definition of human,especially the essential definition is not fully grasped in Soros＇s new paradigm.