先秦儒家道德人格层次辨析

Analysis of the Levels of Confucian Moral Personality

小人、士、君子和圣人是先秦儒家基本的道德人格类型,四者因智慧、境界和价值等差异而居于不同的层次。小人是缺德者,是君子的相反人格。君子是承载儒家道德理想和道德规范最重要的载体,是先秦儒家的核心道德人格类型。士是入德者,是君子的最佳候选人,与君子在内涵上有交叉的地方。君子和圣人同为理想人格,君子的设立源于对道德修养的现实困难之敏锐体察,圣人的塑造则是出于道德理想追求与修养过程的无止境特性的应然考虑。

Xiaoren（flunky）,Shi（official）,Junzi（man of honor） and Shengren（saint） are the basic types of Confucian moral personality.The four are living at different levels in terms of wisdom,morality,realm and value.Xiaoren is a wicked person,and he is just the opposite personality of Junzi.Junzi,the most important bearer of Confucian ethics,is the core of Confucian moral personality.Shi,the best candidate for Junz,is the beginner of morality.Both Shi and Junzi are the Confucian ideal personalities.The reasons to create Junzi and Shengren are different.The former is for the observation of the practical difficulty of moral cultivation,and the latter is for the consideration of the endless process of moral cultivation.