论环境侵权责任的承担方式

On the Ways to Undertake Responsibility of Environmental Tort

《侵权责任法》确认了侵权责任的多种责任方式并存,有利于全面保护各种民事权益和生态环境,不仅能对生态破坏提供有效救济,还能对环境污染产生更好的预防作用。作为特殊侵权的环境污染责任的责任方式具有不同于一般侵权责任方式的构成要件:严格责任、污染者的举证责任倒置、因果关系推定。当前环境侵权责任承担方式在损害赔偿的范围、排除危害的界定和适用方式的多样性、恢复原状的内涵、第三人责任法定免责事由的界定、诉讼时效的适用上都对传统理论有了新的突破。

Law of Torts determines multiple coexisting ways of torts,which is good for protecting various civil rights,interests,and ecological environment as well.It not only compensates for ecological damage,but also prevents environmental pollution.The responsibility for environmental pollution is different from the general ones in the constituting elements of strict responsibility,conversed burden of proof of the polluter,and the determination of causality.Presently,the ways to undertake responsibility of environmental tort have broken through the traditional theory in compensation range,determination of harm-elimination,multiple ways of application,restoration,determination of legal exemption of the third party,and statute of limitation.