关于实在问题——以科学史为背景的哲学讨论

On the Problems of Reality——A Philosophical Discussion based on the History of Science

自从人类开始具备哲学意识以来,有关现象和现象的根据——实在("实体"或"本体")——以及这两者之间的关系的思辨就不曾停息过。在浩如烟海的哲学文献中,各种各样的始基论、本体论、实在论以及对它们的反驳理论占据了最大的一个部分。这类问题,正如康德决定性地证明了的:关于实在、本体、始基、终极原因、第一动力等问题的争论,不可能成为科学知识体系的一个内容,这是由它们的超验性和原则上的不可检验性决定的;但是这种争论却有助于科学家确定自己研究活动的基本立场、态度和趋向,或者说,有助于科学家确定自己思想的先决条件。从这个意义上讲,假定某种实在,成为了大部分近现代科学家内心深处一种怎么也排遣不掉的倾向。

Since human started to realize philosophy,the arguments about phenomenon and its basis（which is called the substance） has never been stopped,as well as the arguments about the relationship between them.All kinds of ontology,realism and disproves to them have taken a big part of philosophical documents.These issues such as arguments about reality,ultimate cause,the first motivation and so on could never be a part of scientific knowledge system because of their transcendental and un-inspectability,which was proved definitively by Kant.But these arguments could help scientists confirm their basic view,attitude and direction of their researches,in other words,it could help scientists confirm their own thoughts.According to this point of view,it is very hard for most scientists in modern and contemporary times to get rid of the inclination of assuming some reality.