水下航行体尾迹激光雷达探测系统的研制

Development of lidar detection systems for underwater vehicle wakes

研制了水下航行体尾迹激光雷达探测系统样机,用于对水下航行体尾迹中低密度微气泡群进行探测.在水下光探测领域设计并采用了收发同轴光学系统,获得了180°后向散射信号.通过对比分析发现:雪崩光电二极(APD)比光电倍增管(PMT)在水下应用背景下更具优势,因此采用APD作为探测系统核心光接收器件.设计了双模式APD自适应温控偏压系统,有效消除APD个体性能离散性导致的补偿误差.基于电磁兼容理论优化了脉冲激光器的电磁兼容性设计,解决了收发一体式大功率激光探测装置的电磁干扰难题.使用该系统获得了微气泡群处于不同位置及不同气泡群厚度情况下的典型探测数据.实验结果证明本系统完全可以满足尾迹探测的需求.

Lidar detection system used for underwater vehicle wakes was developed to detect low-den- sity micro-bubbles of the underwater vehicle wakes. A coaxial optical system was designed and employed for the first time. Back-scattering signals were obtained for the true sense. It was concluded that the APD （avalanche photodiode） had more advantages than the PMT （photomultiplier tube） in the field of underwater laser detection. A dual-mode APD adaptive control system of bias voltage with temperature was designed. The compensational error of APD caused by discreteness of individual per- formance was effectively eliminated. Based on the electromagnetic compatibility theory, the design of the pulse laser was optimized to solve the electromagnetic interference problems by the high-power pulse laser in transceiver detection system. The typical detection data, from the micro-bubbles located in different locations and different thickness, were analyzed by this system. The experimental results show that the system can fully meet the requirement for the wake detection.