4Khan R,Sheppard R.Fibrosis in heart disease:understanding the role of transforming growth factor-betal in cardiomyopathy valvular disease and arrhythmia.Immunology,2006,118:10-24.
5Tomasek JJ,Gabbiani G,Hinz B,et al.Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2002,3:349-363.
6Petrov VV,Fagard RH,Lijnen PJ.Stimulation of collagen production by transforming growth factor-beta[during differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.Hypertension,2002,39:258-263.
7H Xiao,H Lei,S Qin,et al.TGF-β1 expression and atrial myocardium fibrosis increase in atrial fibrillation secondary to rheumatic heart disease.Clinical cardiology,2010,33:149-156.
8Gramley F,Lorenzen J,Koellensperger E,et al.Atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation:the role of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.Int J Cardiol,2010,143:405-413.
9Chien CL,Lin JL,Lai LP,et al.Altered expression of FHL1,CARP,TSC-22 and P311 provide insights into complex transcriptional regulation in pacing-induced atrial fibrillation.Biochim Biophys Acta,2007,1772:317-329.
10Gao X,He X,Luo B,et al.Angiotensin Ⅱ increases collagen Ⅰ expression via transforming growth factor-betal and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in cardiac fibroblasts.Eur J Pharmacol,2009,606:115-120.
6Verheule S, Sato T, Everett TT, et al. Increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in transgenic mice with selective atrial fibrosis caused by overexpression of TGF-β1. Cire Res, 2004, 949: 1458- 1465.
7Taniyama Y, Morishita R, Aoki M, et al. Angiogenesis and antifibrotic action by hepatocyte growth factor in cardiomyopathy. Hypertension, 2002, 40: 47-53.
8Xu J, Cui G, Esmailian F, et al. Atrial extracellular matrix remodeling and the maintenance of atrial fibrillation [ J ]. Circulation, 2004,109:363.
9Kupfahl C, Pink D, Friedrich K, et al. Angiotensin Ⅱ directly increases transforming growth factor betal and osteopontin and indirectly affects collagen mRNA expression in the human heart [ J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2000,46 ( 3 ) :463.
10Goette A, Staack T, Rocken C, et al. Increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in human atria during atrial fibrillation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2000, 35: 1 669.