基于对外汉语教学的“死”字用法演变研究

On the Usage Evolution of the Word "Death" on TCSL

"死"是汉语常用词,在对外汉语教学中是一个难点。文中以"死"为例通过历时研究的方法和认知语言学理论来探讨"死"的语法特点和使用现象,"死"字本义是生命殆尽,成语中的"死"大多保留了原义,现代汉语中"死"逐渐语法化,开始作为一个语素存在,与其他语素组合从而用作名词、动词、形容词和副词等的语素意义;可以在句子中充当补语的成分,形式上表示为[(主语)+动词(或形容词)+死+(宾语)+了];在方言中也可表示昵称。运用共时的方法将汉语的"死"和英语中的"死"进行了简单的对比分析,可以指导以英语为母语的学生的汉语教学。

＂Death＂ is one of often-used words in Chinese,and it is also one of the difficult points in TCSL（teaching chinese as a second language）.This paper mainly uses the diachronic study method and cognitive linguistics theory to discuss the grammar characteristic and its application.The original meaning of ＂death＂ is that one＇s life ended.In modern Chinese language,as a morpheme,it combines with other orphemes to be used as nouns,verbs,adj.s,adv.s and so on.It can be used as complement.At the same time,in dialects it can be used as a nickname.At last,it makes a simple comparison between English and Chinese.