不同雨量计测值误差分析

Causal Analysis of Measurement Differences between Various Raingauges

目前气象部门使用的雨量计,基本上为自动气象站遥测雨量传感器、双翻斗遥测雨量计、虹吸式雨量计和雨量器等几种类型。根据北京朝阳气象站近几年的雨量测量数据,分析了各种雨量计在不同降水情况下所产生误差的原因,分析发现相同工作原理的仪器由于仪器本身的性能差异和不可预见的故障会造成较大测量误差,由于降雨强度突然变化的影响,雨量计产生的测量误差是不可避免的。并提出增加备份仪器、随时仔细观察每一种仪器的变化从而减小误差的建议,为以后降水测量数据的分析提供参考和帮助。

The widely used rain gauges at present include basically telemetering rainfall sensors for automatic weather stations,double-skip telemetering raingauges,siphonage raingauges,common raingauges and so on.By means of the rainfall data in recent years from Chaoyang Station of Beijing,the causes of errors in the measurements of various raingauges under different rainfall conditions are analyzed.It is found out that although the working principles of the instruments are about the same,the performance may be different obviously because of their capability differences and unpredictable breakdowns.As the rainfall intensity may vary suddenly,it is inevitable for raingauges to produce measuring errors.Some suggestions are proposed,which can provide reference for precipitation metrical data analysis.