黑土酶活性对不同施肥条件的响应

Response of the Black Soil Enzyme Activities to Different Fertilizer Applications

以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站黑土为供试土壤,在田间调查、采样的基础上,研究了与碳、氮、磷循环有关的酶活性的状况与差异.结果表明:土壤酶在土壤循环中起到了生物学催化剂的作用,其活性可以作为表征土壤肥力的指示性指标.有机无机肥料的不同施用方法及作物种类会对土壤酶活性产生显著影响.磷肥能够明显增强转化酶与蛋白酶的活性,增施有机肥在增加土壤有机质含量的同时显著提高土壤脲酶的活性.脲酶活性在各施肥处理间、各作物种类间有显著性差异,这说明脲酶活性变化能够较好地表征不同的作物种类及施肥处理下土壤的肥力水平.另外,荒地连年锄下转化酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶与脲酶的活性均高于荒地,表明过氧化氢酶对于土壤翻耕的反应灵敏性较低.

On the base of field experimentation and sampling, the status and diversity relevant to cycle of C, N, P in the black soil from the Hailun Agroecological Experi of enzyme activities mental Station were tested. The results showed that soil enzyme acted as a biological catalyst in soil cycle, and its variation could be used as an indicator for soil fertility. The application of different organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly affected the soil enzyme activities under the field conditions. N fertilizer could increase in- vertase and protease activities, and organic fertilizer increased the organic contents and urease activity significantly. Urease activities were significantly correlated with different fertilizer applications and crops, and extremely significantly correlated with the interaction among crops and fertilizer application, which showed that urease activities could be used as the characteristic of fertilizer level under different crops and fertilizer applications. The activities of invertase, protease, phosphatase and urease under waste land were less than those of the continuous tillage, which indicated that catalase was less sensitive to tillage than the other four kinds of enzyme.