三个猪品种为父本对大约克母猪繁殖性能的影响

Effects of Three Pig Breeds as Male Parent on the Reproductive Performances of Yorkshire Pig

选择长白猪、杜洛克猪和可乐猪3个猪品种为父本,以大约克猪纯繁(大约克×大约克)和杜洛克猪纯繁(杜洛克×杜洛克)组为对照,研究大约克母猪繁殖性能的变化。结果表明:可乐猪为父本时,大约克母猪的妊娠期缩短了2 d,仔猪的有效乳头数略有下降,但产活仔数(11.0±1.41)头/窝、断奶仔猪数(9.7±1.45)头/窝、断奶育成率(94.41±2.826)%均为最高(P<0.05),死胎数(0.3±0.25)头/窝和死胎率(3.25±3.250)%显著低于其他试验组(P<0.05),总产仔数最高(11.3±1.81)头/窝,说明有良好适应性的可乐猪为父本可明显提高后代的成活率;从窝重上来看,可×大杂交组的初生窝重(14.850±2.443 2)kg/窝、20日龄窝重(45.700±12.3641)kg/窝、断奶窝重(67.500±9.565 7)kg/窝均高于其他试验组。相关性分析显示,死胎数影响仔猪的初生窝重、20日龄窝重及断奶窝重。这些结果说明以可乐猪为父本,可明显改善大约克猪的繁殖力,值得在毕节地区推广应用。

To investigate the effects of male parent on the reproductive performances of sow, three pig breeds,including Lartdrace, Duroc artd Kele pig, were chosen as male parents to mate with female Yorkshire piss taking the self cross of Yorkshire and Duroc as controls. The results showed that the gestational period of Yorkshire reduced by two days and the available nipple numbers of the piglets decreased slightly. However, the number of newborn alive （ 11.0±1.41 ）, total born （ 11.3 ±1.81 ）, ablactation （9.7 ± 1.45 ） and ablactation foster rate （ 94.41± 2. 826） % were the highest （ P 〈 0.05 ） with minimum death （0.3 ± 0.25 ） and death rate （3.25± 3. 250） % （P 〈 0.05） in the group of Kele pig to be male parent. It was illuminated that Kele pig breed, which adapted to the local environment very well, could elevate the survival percentage and adaptability of piglets. On the other hand, in the group of Kele pig as male parent, the litter weight at birth （ 14. 850±2. 443 2 ）, litter weight at 20 days （45. 700 ± 12. 364 1 ）, litter weight at weaning （ 67. 500 ± 9. 565 7） were higher than that of the others. The death number was negatively correlated with the litter weight at the birth, 20^th days and weaning based on the correlation analysis. It suggested that the male parent, especially the native pig breed, Kele pig, could affect the reproduction performances of Yorkshire sow, which would be benefit for the adaptation of piglets to the local climate and feeding way in Bijie Districts of Guizhou Province.