基于手段—目的理论的人本化旅游解说系统构建

CONSTRUCTION OF THE HUMANISM TOUR INTERPRETIVE SERVICES SYSTEM BASED ON MEANS-END THEORY

国外发达国家20世纪70年代进入后工业化阶段以来,城市居民收入与消费文化的改变,引起旅游需求及行为的转变,旅游活动过程中参与程度普遍提高。在此背景下,旅游者对旅游地解说服务的要求也呈现一种新趋势,要求旅游区管理者能够针对不同的旅游者提供相应的解说服务类型与项目,以提高旅游者的亲身体验。由于我国旅游业的发展历程较短以及发展阶段的相对滞后性,当前国内学者对该领域的关注较少。本文尝试性的以人本主义的理念为线索,借用手段—目的理论的基本内容,在当前生态环境原始类旅游地背景的基础上,通过对旅游者旅游价值体现与解说系统构成的关系分析,试图总结出针对不同类型旅游活动的旅游解说系统构建模式,以期丰富旅游规划的基础理念。

Since 1970s,developed countries entered the post-industrial age,the income and consumer culture＇s conversion for the urban residents caused the conversion of the tourism demands and behaviors,which was shown as the increased participation level during their tourism activities.In the background of this,the tourists put forward some new requests on the interpretive services of the tourism.They hoped the tourism executives could provide different interpretative types of service and project for the different tourists to enhance their experience.This paper regards the philosophy of humanism as the clue and analyses the relationship between the value of tourists and the interpretive system constructing in the background of the original ecological environment of the tourism place.Four kinds of different tourist interpretive system constructing model are summarized,which are the interpretive system constructing model of self-service travel type,interpretive system constructing model of hike travel type,interpretive system constructing model of camping or exploring travel type,and interpretive system constructing model of the leisure experience travel type.Taking the means-ends theory into account,these four kinds of different tourist interpretive system constructing model maximize the interests of the tourists and incarnate their individual value.In a word,based on the present domestic situation of tourism interpretive system theory research and adopted the means-ends theory and the value ladder method,this paper illuminates the basic factors involved in the tourism interpretive system,analyses the relationship of those factors,enable people to understand the tourism system＇s planning better and apply it in the early studies of tourism planning.The method involved in this paper can urge the tourism researchers and planers to understand the tourism interpretive system better.Especially,it can help people to choice the appropriate foundation factor.