汉成帝元延三年侯国地理分布研究

A Study of the Geographical Distribution of the Marquis States in the Third Year of Yuanyan in the Reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty

西汉时期,汉廷先后分封八百余个侯国,对于这些侯国的地理分布特征,向来不甚明了。通过《汉书·地理志》及《汉书》相关侯表,可以复原汉成帝元延三年的侯国地理分布情况。从中可以看出,西汉末年的侯国分布存在显著地域特征。三辅、边郡、王国地区均无侯国分布。侯国只分布在"内郡"范围内,且空间分布极不均衡。汉末侯国地理分布格局的形成与"推恩令"、"广关"、"京畿拓展"等地域控制策略的执行紧密相关,同时也反映出汉代政治地域观念的某些特点。

The Western Han Dynasty enfeoffed more than eight hundred marquis states, but there has never been a clear picture of the features of their geographical distribution. From the related tables in the 'Treatise on Geography' in the History of the Han Dynasty, we can recover the geographical distribution of marquis states in the third year of Emperor Cheng’s reign in the Han dynasty. It can be seen that the distribution of the marquis states during the later period of the Western Han dynasty had distinctive geographical features: there were no marquises in the metropolitan area, the border areas or the kingdoms. Marquis states were located only in the prefectures of the hinterland of the county and were extremely uneven in terms of spatial distribution. The pattern of their distribution was closely related to the implementation of a series of regional control strategies, such as the Edict of Imperial Favors (推恩令 Tui En Ling), the Expansion of Hanguguan (广关 Guang Guan) and the Expansion of the Metropolitan Area (京畿拓展 Jingji Tuozhan), and also reflected some characteristics of the political and geographical concepts of the Han Dynasty.