内蒙古某地蒙古族牧民和农民主要慢性病流行病学调查

Survey on the Prevalence of Common Chronic Diseases among the Mongolian Nomads and Farmers in the Inner Mongolia

目的了解内蒙古牧区牧民和农耕区农民的生活方式以及高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖等慢性病流行状况。方法 2007年8月对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌旗牧民305人和呼和浩特市土左旗农民340人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果男性牧民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率及超重(肥胖)的检出率分别为57.0%,2.8%,22.5%,33.6%,农民分别为27.2%,2.7%,19.7%,21.0%,除糖尿病差异无统计学意义,其余均有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性牧民分别为43.8%,0.6%,24.7%,39.6%,农民分别为28.6%,2.3%,25.8%,45.0%,仅高血压、糖尿病差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。牧民和农民男性吸烟率分别为55.6%和82.3%,饮酒率分别为40.1%和53.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。牧民男性每日食盐摄入量平均为(17.6±6.3)g,女性为(15.1±4.5)g;分别高于农民男性的(13.1±3.1)g,女性的(13.5±3.6)g,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖已成为影响农、牧民健康的主要公共卫生问题,牧民尤为突出,与高盐饮食、大量饮酒有关,应该及时加以干预和控制,着重倡导戒烟限酒和低盐饮食。

Objective To understand the lifestyle and prevalence of common chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity of nomads and farmers in the nomadic region and rural area in Inner Mongolia. Methods A cross-sectional study of 305 nomads and 340 farmers was conducted in August 2007 in Inner Mongolia. All subjects were investigated with standardized questionnaire, physical examination and blood sample tests. Results In male, the prevalence rate of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and over-weight was 57.0%, 2.8%, 22.5% and 33.6% for pastoralists, and 27.2%, 2.7%, 19.7%, 21.0% for farmers. The difference of prevalence rates above, except diabetes, between nomads and farmers existed statistics significance （all P〈0.05）. In female, the prevalence rates were 43.8%, 0.6%, 24.7%, 39.6% for nomads, and 28.6%, 2.3%, 25.8%, 45.0% for farmers, but only the difference of diabetes and hypertension rates showed statistics difference （P〈0.05）. Smoking and drinking rates were 55.6% and 40.1% for pastoralists, which were higher than those for farmers （82.3%, 53.8%, P〈0.05）. For the nomads, the daily salt-intake was （17.6±6.3） g/d for males and （15.1±4.5） g/d for females, while. （13.1±3.1） g/d for males and （13.5±3.6） g/d for females of farmers. Conclusion The hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity have become main public health problems of nomads and farmers, especially the situation in nomads were severe than in farmers, which should be intervened and controlled on time. Advocating quit smoking, limit alcohol and low salt diet should be stressed.