不同物候期苦豆草中主要生物碱量的动态变化研究

Dynamic changes of alkaloid content in aerial part of Sophora alopecuroides at different phenological phases

目的研究苦豆草中各生物碱的量随物候期的变化规律,确定苦豆草的合理采收期。方法采用HPLC法对不同物候期苦豆草中主要生物碱的量进行系统分析。色谱条件为色谱柱X-Brige C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈(A)-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,0～10 min,94%B;10～50 min,87%B;50～55 min,94%B。检测波长205 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL,柱温25℃。结果苦豆草中不同生物碱的量随物候期呈现不同规律的变化,其中氧化槐果碱、槐胺碱量从5月至7月递减;槐定碱、氧化苦参碱量从5月至7月递增;而苦参碱、槐果碱、莱曼碱的量随物候期的变化不明显。结论可根据苦豆草中各生物碱量随物候期的动态变化规律为工业化生产不同生物碱而确定苦豆草的合理采收期。

Objective To study the dynamic changes of alkaloids content of Sophora alopecuroides with the variation of phenological phases and to define a reasonable harvest.Methods The content of main alkaloids from the different phenological phases were analysed by HPLC.Chromatographic column：X-Brige C18 column（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）;Mobile phase：acetonitrile（A） and 0.05 mol/L phosphoric acid solution（B）,gradient elution：（0—10 min,94% B;10—50 min,87% B;50—55 min,94% B）;Flow rate：1.0 mL/min;Wavelength：205 nm;The column temperature：25 ℃.Results The content of different alkaloids show different variations with changes in phenological phases,which the contents of oxysophocarpine decreased from May to July;sophoridine,oxymatrine,and sophoramine increased from May to July;matrine,sophocarpine and lehmannine with the phenological phases did not change significantly.Conclusion The results provide a basis for the appropriate harvest stage for the different alkaloids in industrial production.