民工子弟健康知识的健康教育效果评价及模式研究

Study on Effect and Model of Health Education on Migrant Workers′ Children

目的评价在民工子弟小学开展健康教育工作的效果,分析干预后知识的消退规律,为民工子弟学校的健康教育提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,抽取南京市一所民工子弟小学4～6年级的学生作为研究对象,将各年级学生按班级进行整群随机分组,分为干预组和对照组。对照组只通过校园橱窗宣传画的方式进行健康教育;干预组除上述干预方式外,还采取了三次不同形式的健康教育,并在每次健康教育后进行效果评价。结果健康教育后,除艾滋病非传播途径外,中年级和高年级干预组的各类知识和总知识得分均有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对艾滋病感染者的态度明显改善。结论在学校通过校园橱窗、健康讲座等多种方式对民工子弟开展健康教育并反复强化,可以有效地提高他们及周围学生的健康知识水平和卫生保健意识。

Objective To assess the effect of health education on the pupils of a primary school for migrant workers′ children and to analyze the rule of forgetting of knowledge after health education so as to provide scientific evidence for performing corresponding health education in the future. Methods The pupils of grade 4~6 were selected from a primary school for migrant workers′ children in Nanjing by using convenient sampling.They were divided into the interventional group and the control group by cluster randomization.The pupils in the control group accepted the health knowledge by posters;while those in the interventional group were given additional health education in three different levels,and the effects were evaluated respectively. Results Except the knowledge about AIDS un-transmitting ways,the score of each kind of health knowledge in the interventional group of middle and high grades were improved obviously after health education（P0.05）,and their attitude towards AIDS patients was changed. Conclusion Repeated health education for migrant workers′ children by various methods of health education can effectively improve their health awareness and students around them.