北京市部分职业人群亚健康状态及其影响因素的调查研究

Status of Sub-health and Its Influencing Factors in Some Professional Populations in Beijing

目的了解北京市部分职业人群的亚健康状况及其影响因素,从而为找出这部分人群亚健康状态的高危因素并制定有效的预防措施提供依据。方法采用《中国城市(北京)人口亚健康状态综合评价、诊断与分型的研究》亚健康调查问卷,对北京市西城区不同行业的职业人群1 000人进行亚健康症状问卷调查。采用t检验或方差分析比较不同性别、年龄、学历和职业调查人群间亚健康总分的差异,并采用多元线性回归分析亚健康状态的影响因素。结果调查对象中女性亚健康总分及各个维度得分均高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);40岁以上年龄组的亚健康总分最高,为(52.78±1.28)分;教育工作人员以及医疗工作者的亚健康总分在不同职业中最高,为(53.70±0.84)分。经逐步法筛选自变量,亚健康状态的危险因素为工作竞争、接受超出能力的工作;保护性因素为参加体育锻炼、有谈心的朋友、白天停顿休息放松。结论亚健康状态的高危人群为40岁以上,且女性更容易出现,工作、社会环境因素是诱发亚健康状态的重要因素。应针对这部分人群开展健康教育,调整其工作、生活、行为方式,预防亚健康状态并阻止其向疾病转化。

Objective To understand the current sub-health status and its influencing factors of some professional populations in Beijing so as to find out the high risk factors of the sub-healthy people and thus provide the evidence for formulating the effective measures for prevention. Methods A questionaire survey on sub-health in Comprehensive Evaluation,Diagnosis and Classification of China＇s Urban Population＇s Sub-health State was conducted among 1 000 people drowned from different professional fields in Xicheng district of Beijing.Then the results of different genders,ages,education levels and professionals were analyzed by the means of one-way ANOVA and t-test,and the influencing factors was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results Among the subjects,women had higher total score of sub-health and scores in every dimensions than men（P0.05）.The total sub-health score of people aged 40 and above was the highest（52.78±1.28）,and the total sub-health score of those in teaching staff and medical staff was the highest among different professionals（53.70±0.84）.Independent variables filtered by stepwise regression method showed that the risk factors of sub-health were competition for jobs and taking-in a work that was beyond one＇s own capability;while the protective factors were participating in physical exercises,intimate friends,and temporary relaxation during daytime work. Conclusion The high-risk population of sub-health is those aged 40 and above,especially women.The factors of work and social environment are the important ones to lead to sub-health.It is suggested that this group of people should be given health education to adjust their styles of work,life and behavior manners,and thus preventing sub-health and stopping development of diseases.