摘要
以2010年冬至2011年春的区域干旱为背景,基于面上调查和典型调查,通过分析认为,开春以来数月干旱少雨,使油菜、小麦和棉花以及露地蔬菜等旱作物受到不同程度影响,平原湖区小麦普遍增产、个别地方略有减产,油菜则普遍减产,受干旱影响最大的是早稻和水产养殖。根据2011年3月以来旱情发展对农业的影响,提出了抗旱应急的水利措施、水肥调控措施,并针对早中稻、棉花、蔬菜、水产养殖等提出了具体应对方法。鉴于该地区涝渍灾害比较频繁、旱涝并存的生产实际,从防灾减灾角度特提出以下建议:必须坚持旱涝兼治,研究和建立旱涝兼治、引提结合、蓄排结合、排为灌用的水资源系统,有效解决平原湖区旱涝灾害;开展大宗作物以旱涝防控为核心的栽培技术及其体系研究,进行高亢地蓄排结合、防旱抗旱型作物栽培技术及体系研究,大力推进节水型高效种植和水产养殖,为农业可持续发展提供科技支撑。
Regional drought from the winter last year to this spring to be regarded as a research background,based upon general and representative investigations,this paper through analysis considers that little rain and aridity resulted in different influences respectively on rape,winter wheat,cotton as well as vegetables cultivated in the open;in the plain-lake region,the yield of winter wheat generally increases and decreases merely in a few localities,rape at large is reduction of output,early rice and aquiculture were affected severely due to drought.In light of influence of the drought on agriculture since March,this paper put forward water conservancy measures and adjustment-control measures of water and fertilizer,meanwhile some concrete methods to cope with drought were put forward aiming at middle rice,cotton,vegetables and aquiculture.Considering the actuality of frequent water-logging disaster and coexistence of drought and water-logging in the region,some suggestions in viewpoint of disaster control and reduction were given that are: control both drought and water-logging must be considered,it is needed to establish a water resources system that is characterized by control both drought and water-logging,diversion works combing with pumping works,combination of water storage and drainage,and water release from drainage system utilized again as irrigation water in some cases,so that disaster from drought and water-logging is solved efficiently;carrying out a research on cultivated technology and its system that focus on control drought and water-logging for staple crops,carrying through a research on planting technology and its system that is water storage combing with drainage and has an ability to control drought,which is suitable for those cropland where landform is higher;energetically boosting high effective plantation and aquiculture that may be water-saving,so as to provide scientific support for agricultural sustainable development.
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期1-6,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
湖北省教育厅2007年重大项目(Z200712002)
长江大学防旱抗旱应急特别专项(2011)
关键词
大宗农作物
水产养殖
防旱抗旱
应急施救
平原湖区
staple crops
aquiculture
drought prevention and drought resistance
rescue under emergency
plain-lake region