缺氧嗜甲烷古菌研究进展

Advances in Research on Anaerobic Methanotrophs

综述了缺氧嗜甲烷古菌的分布、生态位、形态与代谢特征的新发现,并讨论了其与产甲烷菌的关系.在无氧条件下,缺氧嗜甲烷古菌与硫酸盐还原菌互养,氧化甲烷气体以阻止其进入大气.缺氧嗜甲烷古菌主要分布于深海甲烷渗漏区和冷泉区域,在其他多种缺氧环境中也能发现,由于还未获得纯培养,对这类微生物的生态位知之甚少.其细胞呈球状、杆状,有时聚集成球状集合体或连接形成丝状体.缺氧甲烷氧化可能经过"反甲烷合成"、"甲基合成"等路径.嗜甲烷古菌与产甲烷菌有着较近的亲缘关系,并且存在许多相似点.

The distribution,niche,form and metabolism charateristics of anaerobic methanotrophs（ANME） are summarized,and the phylogenetic relationship between ANME and methanogenic archaea are discussed.Methane can be oxidized by syntrophism of ANME and sulfate-reducing bacteria under the oxygen deficit condition.ANME mainly distribute in deep-sea and cold-seep area,and generally associate sulfate-reducing bacteria to carry out anaerobic oxidation of methane by proposed ＂reverse methanogenesis＂ or ＂methylogenesis＂ pathways.Little is known about the niche of such archaea as there is no pure culture.The cells are coccoid or rod,often occuring as consortia or in long multicellular chains.ANME are phylogenetically related to methanogenic archaea and they have common characters.Fig 1,Tab 1,Ref 37