缺水分类体系与系统性缺水探析

Study on Water Scarcity Classification and Systematic Water Scarcity

缺水分类研究有利于制定缺水对策。在总结已有缺水分类体系的基础上,根据缺水成因,初步建立了由人为成因类、混合成因类、自然成因类三部分组成的缺水分类体系,从而提出了系统性缺水概念。系统性缺水是指在一定评价期某评价区内,人为因素决定的社会经济系统的需水时空结构与自然影响因素决定的水资源时空分布格局不协调所导致的缺水现象,属于混合成因型缺水,具有时空性、尺度性、外部性、整体性等特性,可划分为临界、早期、中期、晚期等系统性缺水阶段。

It would be very helpful for making countermeasures against water scarcity to study water scarcity classification according to its contributing factors.Based on the previous researches on water scarcity classification,a system of water scarcity classification was established according to contributing factors,which comprises three water scarcity categories caused by anthropic factors,natural factors and blending factors respectively.Accordingly,the concept of systematic water scarcity was proposed,which can be defined as one type of water scarcity category caused by the discordance between water demand pattern determined by anthropic factors and water supply pattern controlled by natural factors in the evaluating area during certain period.Systematic water scarcity has four features,such as space-time characteristic,scale effect,externality and integrity,and can be divided into four phases including critical phase,early phase,metaphase and late phase according to hydropenia level.