山东省植物根结线虫鉴定、危害植物种类及药剂敏感性检测

Root-knot nematode species,host plants and sensitivity to commonly-used nematicides in Shandong Province

调查了山东省根结线虫的危害植物种类,以危害较重的4个不同用药水平地区的蔬菜根结线虫为研究对象,进行了形态学和酯酶同工酶谱鉴定,采用室内接触法和室内盆栽试验测定和比较了不同种群2龄幼虫对阿维菌素和辛硫磷的敏感性,并比较了保护酶的差异。山东省保护地蔬菜根结线虫为南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita,其危害的植物有51种,占调查总数的66.2%。2龄幼虫对阿维菌素的敏感性差异倍数为0.97～1.23、对辛硫磷为0.94～1.10,无显著性差异,其总体趋势为用药历史越长、用药量越多,药剂的敏感性越低;雌虫体内的可溶性蛋白存在细微差异,而POD和SOD同工酶谱带无显著差异。

The damaged species of root-knot nematodes to plants in Shandong Province were investigated,and nematodes from four typical regions（Tai＇an Shandong Agriculture University,Tai＇an Liangzhuang,Shouguang Zhuangjia and Shouguang Xujia） with different pesticides-used levels were collected.The nematodes were identified using morphological characters and esterase phenotype,sensitivity of the second instar larvae to avermectin and phoxim were compared,and the distinctions between different protective enzymes associated with resistance were determined.The results showed that the nematodes belong to Meloidogyne incognita,which damaged 51 species of vegetables and accounted for 66.2% of all the investigated plants.The sensitivity ratios of second instar larvae were 0.97 to 1.23 to avermectin,and 0.94 to 1.10 to phoxim.Although there were no significant differences in sensitivity to tested pesticides,the trend of sensitivity declining with longer and higher the chemical agents used was shown.From the biochemical level,the female nematodes of the four regions had subtle differences in soluble protein,while the POD and SOD isozymes had no significant differences.