湖南壶瓶山国家级保护区药用蕨类植物的调查研究

Preliminary Studies on the Diversity of Medicinal Ferns in Hupingshan National Reserve

通过野外调查、标本采集与鉴定和查阅文献,对壶瓶山国家级保护区药用蕨类植物多样性进行统计,并对其资源分布,药用部分、功能分类及民族文化等方面进行了探讨。结果如下:(1)壶瓶山国家级保护区有药用蕨类165种(不包括变种和变型),隶属于33科57属,分别占武陵山地区和全国药用蕨类总科属种的80.48%7,1.25%,77.10%和67.34%,47.90%3,6.91%;含种数较多的科属有水龙骨科Polypodiaceae,鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae,凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae,卷柏属Selaginella,凤尾蕨属Pteris,鳞盖蕨属Microlepia等。(2)该区药用蕨类植物原始和进化的类群共存,区系以热带成分为主,具有热带亲缘性,体现了壶瓶山药用蕨类植物起源古老,但物种分化强烈的特点。(3)该区的药用蕨类在四个植被垂直带谱都有分布,其中在低于1 000 m的常绿阔叶林带分布最多。(4)该区药用蕨类根据药用部位分为四类,全草类最多,其次是根茎类;按药用功能将分为五类,主要为清热类和解毒类。(5)讨论了壶瓶山国家级保护区独特的地理位置和优厚的自然环境是该区药用蕨类植物多样性高的重要原因,并提出了可持续开发利用与保护的建议。

According to field survey and literatures,the medicinal Ferns＇s resource in Hupingshan National Reserve were investigated,and the distribution,medicinal parts,functions and ethnic culture were discussed.The results showed that： 165 species（not included varieties and subspecies）,belonging to 33 families 57 genus in this region,taking a ratio of 70.10%,80.48%,71.25%,in Wuling mountain medicinal ferns respectively,namely 36.91%,67.34%,47.90%in Chinese medicinal ferns.The dominant families are Polypodiacea,Dryopteridaceae and Pteridaceae,and the dominant genera are Selaginella,Pteris and Microlepia.The original and evolutionary families coexist and the areal-types of medicinal ferns mainly is the tropical types.Medicinal ferns were predominantly distributed in evergreen broad-leaved forest which are below 1 000 m.The unique geographical position,competitive environment,many ethnic groups,all kinds of cultures and the long history of humanities were taken as important causes of medicinal ferns diversity in Hupingshan in this paper.Finally,suggestions and measures for the protection and reasonable utilization of medicinal ferns resources were put forward.