世界一流大学建设的文化困境

Cultural Predicaments of Constructing the World-class Universities

我国在建设世界一流大学过程中必然面临中西文化的冲突,集中表现在人才培养目标、研究范式和管理体制上。我国著名大学的人才培养目标一般是为国家和民族培养人才,而美国众多一流大学则以全球意识和批判性思维的培养为目标;我国的研究范式深受"述而不作,信而好古"影响,多以搜集名人名言为佐证,以证明上级政策的可行性为目标,而发达国家的社会科学研究以基于实际调查所发现的事实为根据,以针砭时弊、提出改革建议为目标;我国高等教育管理体制是扎根于官本位基础上的政府主导制,而发达国家已经转入以公平竞争理念为基础的市场主导模式。

Constructing world-class universities in China is facing cultural crash with western countries which are reflected prominently in the fields of objectives of training talents,research paradigm and the administrative system.The objectives of training talents in China＇s famous universities still focus primarily on state and national interests,while those of their American counterparts emphasize on training the sense of globe and critical thinking.Chinese research paradigm is influenced by the idea ＂Inheriting the Confucius Mode of Transmitting what Ancestors＇ Saying without Query＂,which takes figures or statements as the evidence,with the purpose to prove government policies,while the social scientific research in developed countries is based on the inspected facts and concerns about the situation to put forwards the reforming suggestions.The administrative system of higher education in China is highly government-led mode based on authority,while that in the western world is market-led mode based on the concept of equal competition.