洛克公民教育思想探析

A Study of Locke's Thinking on Education for Citizens

洛克非常重视公民教育,他的公民教育思想具有自由主义的色彩,他认为自由是公民教育的前提,也是公民教育的目的。基于这一目的,他提出公民教育的目标是培养自由人,即新型绅士。洛克认为公民教育的内容包括三个方面:公民道德教育、公民知识教育和公民健康教育。关于公民教育的实施途径,由于当时学校较为恶劣的学习环境,洛克主张家庭教育而贬抑公共教育。关于公民教育的方法,洛克也有很多新颖的见解,如对儿童的道德教育要研究一般心理特征和个性特征,对儿童的管理要宽严得当、宽严适时等。洛克公民教育思想对欧美国家的公民教育理论的发展产生了重大影响。

Locke attached importance to education for colour, and he held that freedom was both a prerequisite citizens. His thinking on citizen education has liberalism to and the object of citizen education. In view of that, he presented the idea that the object of citizen education was to train free indivoduals, namely,new type gentlmen. Locke held that the content of citizen education included moral education, knowledge education and health education. As for the path of conducting education, Locke preferred family education to public education. Locke also had a lot of fresh views on methods of citizen education. His views on citizen education exerted an influence on the developmont of the theory of citizen education in Westen countries.