中国的收入差距、经济增长与教育不平等的相互影响

The Nexus of Income Gap,Economic Growth and Educational Inequality in China

结合联立方程模型和分布滞后模型,研究2000—2008年我国的收入差距、经济增长和教育不平等之间的相互影响,结果显示:(1)收入不均对经济增长有明显的抑制作用,而经济增长则又反过来对缩小收入差距有利,因此,控制收入差距有利于经济增长,并反过来有利于缩小收入差距,从而实现平等与增长相协调的目标。(2)收入分配差距导致教育不平等,教育不平等的改进却没能促进收入分配差距的改善,"教育平等←→收入平等"的良性循环还没有形成。因此,要想使我国的教育、经济增长、收入分配进入到一个内生化的良好发展轨道,还需要一系列的改革、政策和措施加以引导,以逐渐解决劳动力市场结构不合理、城乡教育回报率差异大、教育投入结构不合理等问题。

This paper incorporates distribution-lag model into a system of equations to study the nexus of income inequality,economic growth and education in China.The major findings are:(1) Income inequality has a negative effect on economic growth,and economic growth will in turn be helpful to narrow the income gap;therefore,controlling the income gap is conducive to economic growth and in turn conducive to narrowing the income gap,which may achieve a goal that both equality and growth develop coordinately.(2) The income distribution inequality leads to educational inequality,but the lessening of educational inequality has not promoted to narrow the gap in income distribution and a virtuous circle between educational equality and income distribution equality has not formed spontaneously.To make education,economic growth,income distribution into an endogenous nice track,we need a series of reforms,policies and measures to guide,and gradually solve such problems as unreasonable labor market structure,urban and rural variations in returns to schooling and unreasonable educational investment structure.