12种百合属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察

SEM observation on pollen morphology of 12 lily species

应用扫描电镜对百合属4个野生种和8个栽培品种的花粉形态进行了观察和比较。结果表明,12个百合品种中4个野生种(细叶百合、兰州百合、卷丹和大花卷丹)和4个栽培种(布鲁赛尔、普瑞头、多安娜和红骑士)的花粉粒形状为椭球体,另外4个栽培种(阿尔格夫、耶罗林、萨莫和西伯利亚)为长椭球体。脊宽为1.20～2.78μm,多由盘珠状颗粒或瘤状颗粒组成;网眼大小2.11～7.66μm,多为不规则多边形至近圆形,大小不一,部分有刺状或粒状突起,少数无突起。大花卷丹和红骑士花粉的表面纹饰为单、双排基柱并存网纹,其他10个品种均为单基柱网纹。花粉粒均以单粒形式存在,极面观为椭球体,赤道面观为舟形,具单沟萌发孔,沟长达两端。通过对12个百合品种花粉形态特征比较及聚类分析表明,细叶百合与兰州百合、卷丹与大花卷丹、阿尔格夫与萨莫、普瑞头与多安娜亲缘关系较近,12个种大致可以划分为3大类群。

Pollen morphologies of 12 lily species（including 4 wild and 8 cultivated species） were examined by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The pollen shapes of 4 wild（Lilium pumilum,L.davidi,L.lancifolium and L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii） and 4 cultivated（Brunello,Prato,Pollyanna and Red knight） lily species were elliptic balls,while those of the other four cultivars（Algarve,Yelloween,Samur and Siberia） were a long ellipsoid.Most mesh ridges of the pollen from the 12 species were composed of particles or tumors and their width ranged from 1.20 to 2.78 μm.The shapes of pollen mesh are mostly irregular polygons to nearly round with sizes from 2.11 to 7.66 μm.The surface ornamentation of L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii and Red knight pollens showed the coexistence of duplicolumellate and simplicolumellate,while the other 10 species were netted simplicolumellate.The forms of pollen grains were single,ellipsoidal in polar view and boat-shaped in equatorial view,with single-channel apertures the length of the ditch.Cluster analysis of pollen morphology for the 12 lily species showed that L.pumilum and L.davidi,L.lancifolium and L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii,Algarve and Samur,Prato and Pollyanna have close genetic relationships.The 12 species can be divided into 3 groups based on cluster results.