特困刑事被害人救助实证研究

An Empirical Research on Salvation of Needy Victims of Crime

我国特困刑事被害人救助的实践大致经历了初步探索、逐步规范与地方立法等阶段。实地调查显示,各地检察机关开展救助的初衷有所不同,但都收到了较好的法律效果和社会效果:保证被害人及其家属的基本生活和保障公民的基本权利;化解加害人与被害人的矛盾,修复被破坏的社会关系;防止被害人的二次被害和向犯罪人的转变;维护司法权威与社会和谐等。问卷调查显示,社会公众对被害人救助的知悉度并不高,却有很高的认可度;普遍认为不宜以犯罪类型作为确定救助对象的标准,而应在遵循救急原则的基础上,根据被害人的实际情况确定是否救助;大多数被调查者对是否给予被害人精神性救助持肯定意见。

In China, salvation of needy victims of crime has run the 3 stages ： exploration, gradual normalization and local legislation. A field survey shows that while the original intention of salvation of the execution varies a great deal, good legal and social results have been yielded. The basic life of the victims and their fami- lies are ensured and civil rights protected. The contradiction between the offender and the victim may be abol- ished and damaged social relations rebuilt up and thus the victim may be prevented from being re-injured or be- coming a revenge offender; and judicial authority is secured and social harmony maintained. The questionnaire survey indicates that while the public know little of the salvation they highly appreciate it. The general idea is that it is improper to determine salvation targets based on categories of offences. Rather, the actual condition of victims is the key factor to decide whether s/he should be assisted on the basis of salvation principles. Further- more, Most of the respondents hold positive attitudes as for spirit salvation to the victims.