美国零售诊所的发展和启示

The Development and Implications of Retail Clinics in United States

零售诊所是美国零售企业在寻求医疗服务业的机会时,自下而上发起的一项突破式创新。目前,零售诊所已经成为一种重要的业态,反映了服务业日益融合和复合化发展的趋势。零售诊所是提供基本医疗保健服务的经济便捷型诊所,它满足了很多患者,特别是没有医疗保险的患者的需要。美国民众对零售诊所持谨慎和欢迎的态度,他们认可其提高医疗服务覆盖率的作用,但也对其质量标准、服务连续性等怀有疑虑。在发展历程上,零售诊所经历了从早期创业者发起的企业,到零售商拥有的诊所、医院拥有的诊所以及混合类型的演变过程,这也是零售诊所与不同利益相关者建立关系的过程。通过对典型零售诊所的分析,认为:大型药店连锁企业将是美国零售诊所的主导者,而与医院合作的零售诊所将成为主要的商业模式,将会在美国医疗保健体系中发挥更加重要的作用;我国零售企业应该制定零售诊所的发展战略,积极创新,开拓新的市场。

Retail clinic is a disruptive innovation initiating from bottom to top by American enterprises seeking the opportunity of medical service industry.Retail clinic has already become a very important format in retailing industry in the United States,reflecting the trend of increasing integration and composite trend of different service sectors.Retail clinic provides a convenient and economic solution for basic medical and health care service,which meets the needs of many patients,especially those of the non-insurance patients.This paper finds that American people hold a prudent and optimistic attitude to retail clinics.They admit the role of retail clinics in improving the coverage rate of medical services,but they also worry about the quality and its continuing service.In the development process,retail clinics have experienced an evolution from the start-ups set up by entrepreneurs,retailer-owned clinics,hospital-owned clinics and the combination of these types,which is also a process for retail clinics to establish the relationship with different stakeholders.Based on the analysis of typical retail clinics,it concludes that the big pharmacy retailers will be dominant in American retail clinic market,and the retail clinics＇ cooperation with hospital system will be the main business model,which will play a more important role in America＇s health care system.China＇s retailers should make a strategy for developing the retail clinics to seek the innovation and explore the new market.