中国法律中的“公布”概念及其法律性缺陷

The Study on the concept of Promulgation in China's law

《中华人民共和国立法法》中,"公布"与"刊登"是作为完全不同的概念来使用的。即,《中华人民共和国立法法》第52条所说的"公布"这个概念不是通常所说的"广泛告知大众"之意,而分明是作为"法律的确定"这个概念来使用的,是经由国家主席发起的法律行为。但是,中国社会中所说的"公布"一般通指"广泛告知大众"之意,所以"公布"的法律概念和社会通用概念之间相互混淆。这也导致在实际适用中国法律时产生问题。本论文认为,可以写入类似俄罗斯宪法中"未公开发布的法律不发生法律效力"的条款,或者单独制定《有关法律生效的法律》。此外,也建议在中国的《立法法》中加入"公开发布或刊登"的条款,规定"法律经国家主席签署公布后,在特定期间内的特定公报上刊登"。

In Legislative Act of the People＇s Republic of China, the concept of ＂promulgation＂ as ＂enactment of the law＂ and ＂publication＂ as ＂publication and issuance of the enacted law＂ is different from each other. The ＂promulgation＂ of the law has the connotations of ＂enactment of the law＂ whereas the publication has the connotations of ＂publication of the enacted law. ＂ However, law of China tends to confuse these two concepts resulting in a flaws in the legislative procedure. Hence, in this paper, legal supplementation such as ＂the law, within XX days after the signing, shall be published in which gazette＂ as a resolution to such situation is suggested to be added to the concept of＂publication＂ and ＂promulgation＂ of China＇s law.