社会管理视角下的公共领域

Public Sphere from the Perspective of Social Management

公共领域一直受到社会学和政治学的关注。不论是阿伦特极权主义语境中的公共领域,还是哈贝马斯民主语境中的公共领域,以及后续研究者对公共领域的探讨,基本上都是在"‘国家与社会'的对立",或者说"‘国家与社会'的消极互动"之逻辑预设上展开的。但实际上,"‘国家与社会'的协作"或"‘国家与社会'的积极互动"之逻辑预设同样存在可能;基于这种逻辑预设,从社会管理的视角来看,公共领域是一种社会管理机制,它同时与国家对社会的管理域、社会对国家的管理域、国家自我管理域以及社会自我管理域相联系,发挥着社会管理功能。公共领域的建构必须从外部要素和内部要素两个方向着手;外部要素包括制度与媒体,内部要素包括公众、公共知识分子以及社会空间。就当前现实来看,中国公共领域的建构需要从上述两个方向努力。

Public sphere is always the focus of politics and sociology. Being it in Arendt＇s context of totalitarianism, or in Habermas＇ context of democracy, or in successors＇ discussion, it is, by and large, based on the assumption of ＂the opposition of ＇state and society＂＇ or ＂the passive interaction of ＇state and society＇ ＂. Actually, the assumption of ＂the co-operation of ＇state and society＇ ＂ or ＂the active interaction of ＇state and society＇＂ is possible. Based on this assumption, and from the perspective of social management, public sphere is a mechanism of social management＇ it is associated with the state＇s managing field of the society, the society＇s managing field of the state, the state＇s self managing field and the society＇s self managing field. The construction of public sphere must be done externally and internally. The external elements include institutions and media, while the internal ones include the public, public intellectuals and social space. According to the current situation of China, the construction of public sphere needs concerted efforts from the two directions.